Spanish Cluster Munitions and Bombs
Little is known about the secretive (and now largely outsourced) Spanish cluster bomb industry – until its products turn up in foreign lands.
Spain has signed up to, but not yet implemented into domestic
legislation, the Convention on Cluster Munitions. It is time Spain
implemented the legislation and also provided full transparency about
its past activities, in order to prevent further use of Spanish cluster
bombs.
The Spanish government and cluster bombs
The
Spanish government ceased issuing any export licences for cluster
munitions on 11 June 2008. They declared their stocks of cluster
munitions on 2 December 2008 including 2,271 MAT-120s – all of which
they have declared to have been destroyed (1,852) or retained for
training purposes (419).
Snr Miguel Sebastian, the current
industry minister, should make full disclosure as to where all the
cluster munitions produced in Spain have gone.
Miguel Sebastian,
of course was, earlier in his career, Assistant Director-General of
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya (BBV) and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria(BBVA).
BBVA
has been singled out for criticism by human rights and citizens groups
for its human rights record and for its links with the arms industry.
BBVA was also criticised by Pax Christi for having no rules banning it from transactions linked to cluster bombs.
The Spanish government now needs to confirm:
1)
What happened to the machinery for making cluster bombs owned by
Instalaza and Expal. Are companies in other countries now making
variants of these Spanish bombs?
2) Full details of all exports of all cluster munitions
3) To explain why they made these exports
4) To explain why the information about the recipients of cluster bombs has been covered up in the past
Instalaza
Spanish
media reports indicate that Instalaza have denied selling the MAT-120
weapons to Libya. When HRI contacted Instalaza, on a number of
occasions, they were surprisingly reluctant to discuss their products.
On
top of that, munitions found in Misrata in April 2011, dated 2007
(batches 02/07 and 03/07) look remarkably similar to products from the
Instalaza company.
Regarding exports of cluster munions to Libya,
the Spanish Export Statistics regarding Defence Material, Other
Material and Dual-Use Items and Technologies, 2007 on page 51 in the
table of Authorised exports of Defence Material by Country 2007 shows 3
licenses were issued by Spain to a value of 3,823,500 Euros.
On
page 53 in the table of Authorised Exports of Defence Material by
Country and Article 2007 we see these exports are in category 4, which
includes cluster bombs and missiles.
In Spanish Export Statistics regarding Defence Material, Other Material and Dual-Use Items and Technologies, 2008 on page 56 in the table of Exports of Defence Material Completed, 2008 we see actual exports were made valued at 3,839,210 Euros.
Reading the Spanish government reports there is absolutely no mention
of supplying cluster munitions to Libya and close analysis of the text
even suggests they couldn’t have – so why the cover-up?
Expal Explosivos
Alaveses
Explosives, Inc. (EXPAL) is a dedicated solely to military equipment
manufacturing sub-munitions and explosives. It produces all sorts of
projectiles, fuses, shells and bombs.
As Pere Ortega explains in
his article on “The Living Death EXPAL” this company has exported arms
to Israel (who infamously fired over a million cluster bomblets into
Lebanon), Mauritania and Angola.
EXPAL land mines infest the
Western Sahara and Colombia and Saddam Hussein’s mustard gas bombs in
the Iran-Iraq war were housed in EXPAL casings.
Bombs of EXPAL
The
BME 330 AT (anti-tank) bomb is one of a family of three air-launched
cluster bombs that was been developed by Expal for use by the Spanish
Air Force and for export purposes.
The other two were the BME 330 AR (anti-runway) bomb and the BME 330 C (multipurpose) bomb.
It is unknown where these were sold.
In
June 2006, EXPAL appointed as president Francisco Torrente, a former
admiral of the Spanish Navy, who only months before had held the post of
Secretary General for Defence Policy. Following this move EXPAL
contracts with the Ministry of Defense improved remarkably, winning
several contracts, including one for the destruction of the 5 600
cluster bombs in possession of the Spanish armed forces, many of which
it had produced itself.
EXPAL is part of the EXPAL MaxamCorp,
formerly Spanish Union of Explosives (UEE) which comprises six companies
in Spain dedicated to the manufacture of all types of explosives. Maxam
is a multinational with presence in many countries the current owners
including Bank Santander.
EXPAL has signed a partnership agreement with Brazilian explosive and arms company Imbel.
In
the story of EXPAL and Instalaza we see the familiar story of close
links between the government, banks and the arms industry and the
outsourcing of production to states with lower standards of regulation.
Source:
http://humanrightsinvestigations.org/2011/06/18/spanish-cluster-munitions-and-bombs/
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